Schinckel.net

CREATE OR REPLACE RECURSIVE VIEW battery_status(
  timestamp,
  capacity,
  efficiency,
  level,
  import,
  export
) AS

SELECT '2019-03-07'::TIMESTAMP,
       13500 AS capacity,
       0.90 AS efficiency,
       0::NUMERIC AS level,
       0::NUMERIC AS import,
       0::NUMERIC AS export

 UNION ALL

SELECT battery.timestamp + INTERVAL '5 minutes',
       battery.capacity,
       battery.efficiency,
       GREATEST(
         0,
         battery.level + delta.amount_to_battery - delta.amount_from_battery
       )::NUMERIC(12, 3) AS level,
       (summary.import - delta.amount_from_battery)::NUMERIC(8, 3) AS import,
       (summary.export - delta.amount_to_battery)::NUMERIC(8, 3) AS export
  FROM battery_status battery
  LEFT OUTER JOIN summary ON (summary.timestamp = battery.timestamp + INTERVAL '5 minutes')
 INNER JOIN LATERAL (
   SELECT LEAST(summary.import, battery.level / battery.efficiency) AS amount_from_battery,
          LEAST(summary.export, battery.capacity - battery.level) AS amount_to_battery
 ) delta ON (true)

def battery_status(capacity, efficiency):
    result = plpy.execute('SELECT * FROM summary')
    energy = 0

    for row in result:
        export_amount = row['export']
        if export_amount and energy < capacity:
            energy += export_amount
            if energy > capacity:
                export_amount = energy - capacity
                energy = capacity
            else:
                export_amount = 0
        import_amount = row['import']
        if import_amount and energy > 0:
            energy -= import_amount / efficiency
            if energy < 0:
                import_amount = -energy * efficiency
                energy = 0
            else:
                import_amount = 0
        yield (row['timestamp'], energy, import_amount, export_amount)

CREATE TYPE battery_status AS (
    timestamp TIMESTAMP,
    stored NUMERIC,
    import NUMERIC,
    export NUMERIC
);

CREATE FUNCTION battery_status(capacity NUMERIC, efficiency NUMERIC)
RETURNS SETOF battery_status AS $$

result = plpy.execute('SELECT * FROM summary')
energy = 0

for row in result:
    export_amount = row['export']
    if export_amount and energy < capacity:
        energy += export_amount
        if energy > capacity:
            export_amount = energy - capacity
            energy = capacity
        else:
            export_amount = 0
    import_amount = row['import']
    if import_amount and energy > 0:
        energy -= import_amount / efficiency
        if energy < 0:
            import_amount = -energy * efficiency
            energy = 0
        else:
            import_amount = 0
    yield (row['timestamp'], energy, import_amount, export_amount)

$$ LANGUAGE plpythonu STRICT IMMUTABLE;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW summary AS

SELECT "timestamp",
       COALESCE(generation.energy, 0::double precision) AS generation,
       COALESCE(import.energy, 0) AS import,
       COALESCE(export.energy, 0) AS export,
       import.energy::double precision
           + generation.energy
           - export.energy::double precision AS consumption
  FROM generation
  JOIN import USING ("timestamp")
  JOIN export USING ("timestamp")

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW import AS

SELECT import_cumulative."timestamp",
       import_cumulative.energy
           - lag(import_cumulative.energy, 1) OVER (ORDER BY import_cumulative."timestamp")
           AS energy
  FROM import_cumulative
 ORDER BY import_cumulative."timestamp";

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW daily_summary_battery AS

SELECT battery_status."timestamp"::date AS "timestamp",
       sum(battery_status.import) AS import,
       sum(battery_status.export) AS export
  FROM battery_status(13500::numeric, 0.9)
       battery_status("timestamp", stored, import, export)
 GROUP BY (battery_status."timestamp"::date)
 ORDER BY (battery_status."timestamp"::date);

CREATE VIEW daily_battery_cost AS
SELECT daily_summary_battery."timestamp" AS date,
       daily_summary_battery.import,
       daily_summary_battery.export,
       cost(retailer.*,
            daily_summary_battery.import::integer,
            daily_summary_battery.export::integer) AS cost,
       billing_periods.period
  FROM daily_summary_battery
  JOIN billing_periods ON daily_summary_battery."timestamp" <@ billing_periods.period
  JOIN retailer ON retailer.name = billing_periods.retailer
 ORDER BY daily_summary_battery."timestamp";

CREATE VIEW billing_period_battery_costs AS
SELECT daily_battery_cost.period,
       sum(daily_battery_cost.cost) AS cost
  FROM daily_battery_cost
 GROUP BY daily_battery_cost.period
 ORDER BY daily_battery_cost.period;

CREATE VIEW billing_period_battery_savings AS
SELECT costs.period,
       costs.cost - battery.cost AS savings
  FROM billing_period_costs costs
  JOIN billing_period_battery_costs battery USING (period)
 ORDER BY costs.period;

solar=# SELECT * FROM billing_period_battery_savings ;
         period          |            savings
-------------------------+-------------------------------
 [2019-03-07,2019-06-01) | 101.6372820000000000000000000
 [2019-06-01,2019-06-24) |      15.592432500000000000000
 [2019-06-24,2019-07-24) |  20.4731725000000000000000000
 [2019-07-24,2019-08-24) |      17.898683500000000000000
 [2019-08-24,2019-09-24) |  18.5995855000000000000000000
 [2019-09-24,2019-10-24) |  35.1526490000000000000000000
 [2019-10-24,2019-11-24) |  38.4160700000000000000000000
 [2019-11-24,2019-12-24) |  37.7519350000000000000000000
 [2019-12-24,2020-01-24) |  39.2153900000000000000000000
 [2020-01-24,2020-02-24) |  39.5369135000000000000000000
 [2020-02-24,2020-03-24) |  21.2207440000000000000000000
(11 rows)

REATE TABLE generation (
  "timestamp" TIMESTAMP UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY,
  "energy" FLOAT
);

CREATE TABLE import_cumulative (
  "timestamp" TIMESTAMP UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY,
  "energy" INTEGER
);

CREATE TABLE export_cumulative (
  "timestamp" TIMESTAMP UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY,
  "energy" INTEGER
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW import AS (
  SELECT timestamp,
         energy - LAG(energy, 1) OVER (ORDER BY timestamp) AS energy
    FROM import_cumulative
   ORDER BY timestamp
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW export AS (
  SELECT timestamp,
         energy - LAG(energy, 1) OVER (ORDER BY timestamp) AS energy
    FROM export_cumulative
   ORDER BY timestamp
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW consumption AS
SELECT timestamp, 
       import.energy + generation.energy - export.energy AS energy
  FROM generation
 INNER JOIN import USING (timestamp)
 INNER JOIN export USING (timestamp);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW summary AS (
    SELECT timestamp,
           generation.energy AS generation,
           import.energy AS import,
           export.energy AS export,
           import.energy + generation.energy - export.energy AS consumption
      FROM generation
     INNER JOIN import USING (timestamp)
     INNER JOIN export USING (timestamp)    
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW daily_summary AS (
    SELECT timestamp::DATE AS date,
           SUM(generation) AS generation,
           SUM(import) AS import,
           SUM(export) AS export,
           SUM(consumption) AS consumption
      FROM summary
     GROUP BY timestamp::DATE
);

SELECT * FROM daily_summary LIMIT 10;

CREATE TABLE retailer (
    name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    supply_charge NUMERIC NOT NULL,
    kWh_rate_1 NUMERIC NOT NULL,
    kWh_limit_1 NUMERIC,
    kWh_rate_2 NUMERIC,
    kWh_limit_2 NUMERIC,
    kWh_rate_3 NUMERIC,
    pay_on_time_discount NUMERIC,
    feed_in_tariff NUMERIC NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE retailer 
    ADD CONSTRAINT rate_2_requires_limit_1 
        CHECK (kWh_rate_2 IS NULL OR kWh_limit_1 IS NOT NULL),
    ADD CONSTRAINT rate_3_requires_limit_2 
        CHECK (kWh_rate_3 IS NULL OR kWh_limit_2 IS NOT NULL),
    ADD CONSTRAINT rate_3_requires_rate_2 
        CHECK (kWh_rate_3 IS NULL OR kWh_rate_2 IS NOT NULL);

INSERT INTO retailer (
  name, supply_charge, 
  kWh_rate_1, kWh_limit_1, 
  kWh_rate_2, kWh_limit_2, 
  kWh_rate_3, 
  feed_in_tariff, 
  pay_on_time_discount)
VALUES 
  ('AGL Essentials', 0.8855, 0.3575, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1630, NULL),
  ('Origin Energy', 0.9033, 0.4002, 4, 0.4272, NULL, NULL, 0.1800, 0.10),
  ('AGL Solar Savers', 0.8910, 0.4038, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1800, NULL),
  ('Click Banksia Solar', 0.9966, 0.3941, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1700, NULL),
  ('Power Direct Residential Saver', 0.8910, 0.4038, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1420, 0.13),
  ('SA Simply RAA VPP', 0.9863, 0.3600, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1500, NULL),
  ('Kogan', 0.9566, 0.3154, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.0748, NULL),
  ('PowerShop Shopper Market', 1.1912, 0.3760, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1020, 0.15),
  ('AGL Residential Essentials', 0.7752, 0.3512, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1420, NULL),
  ('Diamond Energy Everyday Renewable Saver', 0.9565, 0.3659, 3.33, 0.3948, 11.1, 0.4285, 0.12, NULL),
  ('Red Energy Living Energy Saver', 0.9790, 0.3641, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.1200, NULL),
  ('Blue NRG DMO - General Usage', 0.7810, 0.3736, 10.96, 0.5775, NULL, NULL, 0.0680, NULL),
  ('Energy Australia Total Plan Home', 0.8580, 0.4070, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.15, NULL),
  ('Alinta Energy No Fuss (Single Rate)', 0.9130, 0.3317, 3.29, 0.3695, NULL, NULL, 0.0950, NULL),
  ('Lumo Basic', 1.0120, 0.3539, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0.15, NULL),
  ('Powerband Home Flat + Solar FIT', 1.0322, 0.3066, 10.95, 0.3139, NULL, NULL, 0.1150, NULL),
  ('Origin Energy Econnex', 0.9081, 0.4024, 10.96, 0.4294, NULL, NULL, 0.1000, 0.15)
  ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cost(retailer RETAILER, import INTEGER, export INTEGER)
RETURNS NUMERIC AS $$

SELECT COALESCE(1 - retailer.pay_on_time_discount, 1.0) * (retailer.supply_charge +
       -- rate 3
       CASE WHEN retailer.kWh_limit_2 IS NULL THEN 0
            WHEN import <= retailer.kWh_limit_2 THEN 0
            ELSE import - retailer.kWh_limit_2
       END / 1000.0 * COALESCE(retailer.kWh_rate_3, 0) +
       -- rate 2: hours between limit 1 and limit 2
       CASE WHEN retailer.kWh_limit_1 IS NULL THEN 0
            WHEN retailer.kWh_limit_2 IS NULL THEN GREATEST(import - retailer.kWh_limit_1, 0)
            WHEN import < retailer.kWh_limit_1 THEN 0
            ELSE LEAST(import, retailer.kWh_limit_2) - retailer.kWh_limit_1
       END / 1000.0 * COALESCE(retailer.kWh_rate_2, 0) +
       -- rate 1: up to limit 1
       CASE WHEN retailer.kWh_limit_1 IS NULL THEN import
            ELSE LEAST(import, retailer.kWh_limit_1)
       END / 1000.0 * retailer.kWh_rate_1 -
       retailer.feed_in_tariff * export / 1000.0);

$$ LANGUAGE SQL STRICT;

SELECT retailer.name,
       '$ ' || lpad(
         TRUNC(SUM(cost(retailer, import::INTEGER, export::INTEGER)), 2)::TEXT,
         9
       ) AS cost
  FROM daily_summary, retailer
 GROUP BY retailer.name
 ORDER BY cost ASC;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW monthly_cost_comparisons AS

SELECT retailer.name, 
       to_char(date, 'YYYY-MM') AS month,
       SUM(cost(retailer, import::INTEGER, export::INTEGER)) AS cost
  FROM daily_summary, retailer
  GROUP BY retailer.name, to_char(date, 'YYYY-MM');

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS crosstab;

SELECT * 
  FROM crosstab(
    $$SELECT name, month, '$ ' || lpad(cost::INTEGER::TEXT, 4)
       FROM monthly_cost_comparisons ORDER BY name$$, 
    'SELECT DISTINCT month FROM monthly_summary ORDER BY month'
) AS (
    "retailer" TEXT, 
    "2019-03" TEXT,
    "2019-04" TEXT,
    "2019-05" TEXT,
    "2019-06" TEXT,
    "2019-07" TEXT,
    "2019-08" TEXT,
    "2019-09" TEXT,
    "2019-10" TEXT,
    "2019-11" TEXT,
    "2019-12" TEXT
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW billing_periods AS 

SELECT 'AGL Essentials'::TEXT AS retailer,
       DATERANGE(start::DATE, (start + INTERVAL '1 month')::DATE) as period
  FROM generate_series('2019-06-24'::DATE, now()::DATE, INTERVAL '1 month') start
  
 UNION ALL
 
 VALUES ('AGL Essentials'::TEXT, '[2019-03-07,2019-06-01)'::DATERANGE),
        ('AGL Essentials', '[2019-06-01,2019-06-24)')
  
  ORDER BY period DESC;

CREATE TABLE retailer_bonus (
  retailer TEXT, 
  billing_period DATERANGE, 
  bonus NUMERIC
);

INSERT INTO retailer_bonus(retailer, billing_period, bonus)
     VALUES ('AGL Essentials', '[2019-08-24,2019-09-24)', 25);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW actual_costs AS

SELECT retailer,
       billing_periods.period,
       daily_summary.date,
       cost(_ret, import::INTEGER, export::INTEGER),
       generation
  FROM billing_periods
 INNER JOIN retailer _ret ON (_ret.name = billing_periods.retailer)
 INNER JOIN daily_summary ON (daily_summary.date <@ billing_periods.period);
 
 
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW billing_period_costs AS
 
SELECT retailer, 
       period, 
       SUM(cost) - COALESCE((SELECT SUM(bonus) 
                               FROM retailer_bonus 
                              WHERE billing_period = period
                                AND retailer_bonus.retailer = retailer.name), 0) AS cost, 
       SUM(generation) AS generation
  FROM actual_costs
 GROUP BY retailer, period
 ORDER BY period DESC;
 
 
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW billing_period_costs_pretty AS 
SELECT retailer, 
       period,
       '$ ' || LPAD(TRUNC(cost, 2)::TEXT, 7, ' ') AS cost,
       LPAD(TRUNC(generation::NUMERIC / 1000, 1)::TEXT, 6, ' ') || ' kWh' AS generation
  FROM billing_period_costs
 ORDER BY period DESC;
 

 SELECT * FROM billing_period_costs_pretty;
 

CREATE TABLE condition (
  condition_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
  name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  position_a INTEGER NOT NULL,
  position_b INTEGER NOT NULL,
  ratio_position NUMERIC UNIQUE GENERATED ALWAYS AS (position_a::NUMERIC / position_b::NUMERIC) STORED
);

INSERT INTO condition (name, position_a, position_b)
VALUES ('One', 1, 1),
       ('Two', 2, 1);

-- Different position_a/position_b, but position_a / position_b clashes.
INSERT INTO condition (name, position_a, position_b)
VALUES ('Three', 2, 2);

-- Not able to divide by zero.
INSERT INTO condition (name, position_a, position_b)
VALUES ('Three', 2, 0);

INSERT INTO condition (name, position_a, position_b)
VALUES (
  'One-point-five',
  1 + 2,  -- The sum of the previous and next items' position_a values
  1 + 1   -- The sum of the previous and next items' position_b values
);

SELECT name FROM condition ORDER BY ratio_position;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW condition_position AS

SELECT condition_id,
       row_number() OVER () AS position
  FROM condition
  ORDER BY ratio_position;

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX condition_position_condition ON condition_position(condition_id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX condition_position_position ON condition_position(position);

SELECT *
  FROM condition
 INNER JOIN condition_position USING (condition_id)
 ORDER BY position;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION refresh_positions()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
BEGIN
  EXECUTE 'REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW ' || TG_ARGV[0];
  RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT;

CREATE TRIGGER condition_refresh_positions
AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE OR TRUNCATE
ON condition
FOR EACH STATEMENT
EXECUTE PROCEDURE refresh_positions('condition_position');

INSERT INTO condition (name, position_a, position_b)
VALUES ('Three', 5, 1);

SELECT *
  FROM condition
 INNER JOIN condition_position USING (condition_id)
 ORDER BY position;

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.TextField()
    content = models.TextField()
    posted_at = models.DateTimeField()

CREATE MATERIALISED VIEW post_ordering AS

SELECT post.id AS post_id,
       row_number() OVER () AS position
  FROM (
    SELECT id FROM blog_post ORDER BY random()
  ) post;

CREATE INDEX post_ordering_id ON post_ordering(post_id);
CREATE INDEX post_ordering_position ON post_ordering(position);

class PostPosition(models.Model):
    post = models.OneToOneField(
        primary_key=True,
        related_name='ordering',
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
    )
    position = models.IntegerField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'post_ordering'

page_2 = Post.objects.filter(
    ordering__position__gte=100,
    ordering__position__lt=200
).order_by('ordering__position')

class PositionPaginator(django.core.paginators.Paginator):
    def page(self, number):
        number = self.validate_number(number)
        bottom = (number - 1) * self.per_page
        top = bottom + self.per_page
        if top + self.orphans >= self.count:
            top = self.count
        return self._get_page(self.object_list.filter(
            ordering__position__gte=bottom,
            ordering__position__lt=top
        ).order_by('ordering__position'), self)

REFRESH MATERIALISED VIEW post_ordering;

class Condition(models.Model):
    name = models.TextField()
    penalty = models.DecimalField()
    position = models.IntegerField(unique=True)

queryset = Condition.objects.order_by('position')

condition = Condition(name='New condition', position=3, penalty=Decimal('1.20'))
Condition.objects.filter(position__gte=condition.position).update(position=F('position') + 1)
condition.save()

ConditionPositionFormSet = modelformset_factory(Condition, ordering=True, fields=())

class OrderConditionsView(FormView):
    form_class = ConditionPositionFormSet

class ConditionPositionForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Condition
        fields = ('position',)


class OrderConditionsView(UpdateView):
    """
    Handle an AJAX request to move one condition to a new position.

    The condition in that position will be moved to the next position, and so on.
    """
    form_class = ConditionPositionForm

    def form_valid(self, form):
        position = form.cleaned_data('position')
        self.get_queryset.filter(position__gte=position)\
                         .exclude(pk=form.instance.pk)\
                         .update(position=F('position') + 1)
        form.save()
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'status': 'ok'}))

    def form_invalid(self, form):
      return HttpResponse(json.dumps({
        'status': 'error',
        'message': form.fields['position'].errors,
      }), status_code=409)

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Condition.objects.order_by('position')

# urls.py: simplified

urlpatterns = [
  include('/condition/', [
    path('/condition/<int:pk>/position/', OrderConditionsView.as_view(), name='position'),
    # ...
  ], namespace='condition'),
  # ...
]

  <ul id="conditions">
    {% for condition in object_list %}
      <li data-position-url="{% url 'condition:position' condition.pk %}">
        {{ condition.name }} ({{ condition.penalty }}%)
      </li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

  <script>
  // Uses SortableJS: https://github.com/SortableJS/Sortable

  require(['Sortable'], (Sortable) => {
    function save(evt) {
      const condition = evt.item;

      function revert() {
        if (evt.oldIndex < evt.newIndex) {
          // Move back to the old index.
          condition.before(condition.parentElement.children[evt.oldIndex]);
        } else {
          // The old index is actually in the wrong spot now,
          // move back to the old index + 1
          condition.before(condition.parentElement.children[evt.oldIndex + 1]);
        }
      }

      fetch(condition.dataset.positionUrl, {
        method: 'POST',
        body: {position: evt.newIndex},
        credentials: 'same-origin'
      }).then(
        response => response.json()
      ).then(
        response => {
          if (response.status === 'error') {
            // We got an error: let's put the object back into the previous
            // position and then show that error.
            revert();
            // Maybe a nicer way than this though!
            alert(response.message);
          }
        }
      );
    }

    new Sortable(document.getElementById('conditions'), {onUpdate: evt => save});

  });
  </script>

POSITION = ExpressionWrapper(
  models.F('position_a') / models.F('position_b'),
  output_field=models.DecimalField()
)


class PositionQuerySet(models.query.QuerySet):
    def with_position(self):
        return self.annotate(position=POSITION)

    def order_by_position(self):
        return self.order_by(POSITION)


class Condition(models.Model):
    name = models.TextField()
    penalty = models.DecimalField()
    position_a = models.IntegerField()
    position_b = models.IntegerField()

    class Meta:
      unique_together = (
        ('position_a', 'position_b'),  # In fact, this is not quite strict enough, more below.
      )

<ul id="conditions">
  {% for condition in object_list %}
    <li class="condition"
        data-position-url="{% url 'condition:position' condition.pk %}"
        data-position-a="{{ condition.position_a }}"
        data-position-b="{{ condition.position_b}}">
      {{ condition.name }}
    </li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

<script>
  require(['sortable'], (Sortable) => {
    function save(evt) {
      const item = evt.item;
      const prev = condition.previousElementSibling;
      const next = condition.nextElementSibling;

      if (prev == null && next == null) {
        // This is the only item in the list.
        item.dataset.position_a = 1;
        item.dataset.position_b = 1;
      } else if (prev == null) {
        // This is now the first item in the list.
        item.dataset.position_a = next.dataset.position_a;
        item.dataset.position_b = Number(next.dataset.position_b) + 1;
      } else if (next == null) {
        // This is now the last item in the list.
        item.dataset.position_a = Number(prev.dataset.position_a) + 1;
        item.dataset.position_b = prev.dataset.position_b;
      } else {
        // Neither the first nor the last.
        item.dataset.position_a = Number(prev.dataset.position_a) + Number(next.dataset.position_a);
        item.dataset.position_b = Number(prev.dataset.position_b) + Number(next.dataset.position_b);
      }

      function revert() {
        if (evt.oldIndex < evt.newIndex) {
          // Move back to the old index.
          condition.before(condition.parentElement.children[evt.oldIndex]);
        } else {
          // The old index is actually in the wrong spot now,
          // move back to the old index + 1
          condition.before(condition.parentElement.children[evt.oldIndex + 1]);
        }
      }

      // This could do with some error handling...
      fetch(condition.dataset.positionUrl, {
        method: 'POST',
        body: {
          position_a: item.dataset.position_a,
          position_b: item.dataset.position_b
        },
        credentials: 'same-origin'
      }).then(response => response.json()).then(
        response => {
          if (response.status == 'error') {
            revert();
          }
        }
      );
    }


  })
</script>

class Leave(models.Model):
    person = models.ForeignKey(
        'person.Person',
        related_name='approved_leave',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
    )
    start = models.DateTimeField()
    finish = models.DateTimeField()

ALTER TABLE leave_leave
ADD CONSTRAINT prevent_overlapping_leave
EXCLUDE USING gist(person_id WITH =, TSTZRANGE(start, finish) WITH &&)

ALTER TABLE leave_leave
ADD CONSTRAINT prevent_overlapping_leave
EXCLUDE USING gist(person_id WITH =, TSTZRANGE(start, finish) WITH &&)
WHERE start > '2019-07-19';

WITH year AS (
  SELECT 2000 AS year

  UNION ALL

  SELECT year + 1 FROM year
)
SELECT *
  FROM year;

WITH year AS (
  SELECT 2000 AS year

  UNION ALL

  SELECT year + 1 FROM year
)
SELECT *
  FROM year
 LIMIT %s;

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS btree_gist;

CREATE TABLE team_membership (
  membership_id SERIAL,
  player_id INTEGER,
  team_id INTEGER,
  period DATERANGE,
  CONSTRAINT prevent_overlapping_memberships EXCLUDE USING gist(player_id WITH =, period WITH &&)
);

CREATE AGGREGATE sum(anyrange) (
  stype = anyrange,
  sfunc = range_union
);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION merge_adjacent()
  RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
  BEGIN
    NEW.period = (SELECT SUM(period) FROM (SELECT NEW.period UNION ALL ...));
    DELETE FROM team_membership ...;
    RETURN NEW;
  END;
  $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION merge_adjacent()
  RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$

  BEGIN
    WITH matching AS (
      DELETE FROM team_membership mem
            WHERE mem.player_id = NEW.player_id
              AND mem.team_id = NEW.team_id
              AND (mem.period -|- NEW.period OR mem.period && NEW.period)
              AND mem.membership_id <> NEW.membership_id
        RETURNING period
    )
    SELECT INTO NEW.period (
      SELECT SUM(period) FROM (
        SELECT NEW.period
         UNION ALL
        SELECT period FROM matching
        ORDER BY period
    ) _all
    );
    RETURN NEW;
  END;

  $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT;

CREATE TRIGGER merge_adjacent
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON team_membership
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_adjacent();

INSERT INTO range (period) VALUES ('[2019-02-02, 2019-05-01)')

from django.db import models


class Node(models.Model):
    node_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.TextField(unique=True)
    parents = models.ManyToManyField(
        'self',
        related_name='children',
        symmetrical=False,
    )

django, pytz, sqlparse, asgiref = Node.objects.bulk_create([
    Node(name='django'),
    Node(name='pytz'),
    Node(name='sqlparse'),
    Node(name='asgiref'),
])

django.parents.add(pytz, sqlparse, asgiref)

graph_demo, psycopg2 = Node.objects.bulk_create([
    Node(name='graph_demo'),
    Node(name='psycopg2')
])

graph_demo.parents.add(psycopg2, django)

-- All root nodes
SELECT node_id, name
  FROM graph_node
  LEFT OUTER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (node_id = from_node_id)
 WHERE to_node_id IS NULL;

 node_id │   name
─────────┼──────────
       6 │ psycopg2
       2 │ pytz
       4 │ asgiref
       3 │ sqlparse
(4 rows)

SELECT node_id, name
  FROM graph_node
  LEFT OUTER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (node_id = to_node_id)
 WHERE from_node_id IS NULL;

WITH RECURSIVE ancestors AS (
  SELECT node_id, '{}'::INTEGER[] AS ancestors
    FROM graph_node
    LEFT OUTER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (node_id = from_node_id)
   WHERE to_node_id IS NULL

   UNION

  SELECT node.from_node_id,
         ancestors.ancestors || ancestors.node_id
    FROM ancestors
   INNER JOIN graph_node_parents node
           ON (ancestors.node_id = to_node_id)
) SELECT * FROM ancestors;

WITH RECURSIVE ancestors AS (
  SELECT node_id, '{}'::INTEGER[] AS ancestors
    FROM graph_node
    LEFT OUTER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (node_id = from_node_id)
   WHERE to_node_id IS NULL

   UNION

  SELECT node.from_node_id,
         ancestors.ancestors || ancestors.node_id
    FROM ancestors
   INNER JOIN graph_node_parents node
           ON (ancestors.node_id = to_node_id)
)
SELECT node_id,
       node.name,
       ancestors,
       ARRAY(SELECT name
               FROM unnest(ancestors) node_id
              INNER JOIN graph_node USING (node_id)
       ) AS ancestor_names
  FROM ancestors
  INNER JOIN graph_node node USING (node_id);

WITH RECURSIVE closure_table AS (
  SELECT from_node_id AS descendant,
         to_node_id AS ancestor
    FROM graph_node_parents

   UNION

  SELECT descendant,
         to_node_id AS ancestor
    FROM closure_table
   INNER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (from_node_id = ancestor)
)
SELECT * FROM closure_table

CREATE OR REPLACE RECURSIVE VIEW
graph_closure_table (descendant, ancestor) AS (

  SELECT from_node_id AS descendant,
         to_node_id AS ancestor
    FROM graph_node_parents

   UNION

  SELECT descendant,
         to_node_id AS ancestor
    FROM graph_closure_table
   INNER JOIN graph_node_parents ON (from_node_id = ancestor)
);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION prevent_cycles()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$

BEGIN
  IF EXISTS(SELECT 1
              FROM graph_closure_table
             WHERE ancestor = NEW.from_node_id
               AND descendant = NEW.to_node_id
           ) THEN
    RAISE EXCEPTION 'cycle detected';
  END IF;
  RETURN NEW;
END;

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT;

CREATE TRIGGER prevent_cycles
BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON graph_node_parents
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE prevent_cycles();